Application of the TRAP-18 Framework to U.S. and Western European Lone Actor Terrorists

Christine Shahan Brugh, Sarah L. Desmarais and Joseph Simons-Rudolph

Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, 2023, vol. 46, issue 2, 183-208

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to examine the feasibility and relevance of the Terrorist Radicalization Assessment Protocol-18 (TRAP-18), an investigative framework to identify those at risk of lone actor terrorism. Using public information, we rated TRAP-18 items for 35 U.S. and 38 European jihadism-inspired lone actors (total N = 77). Results reveal challenges completing the TRAP-18 using public information: only four of 18 items (Pathway, Identification, Personal Grievance, Framed by Ideology) were rated present more often than absent or unknown. Findings suggest greater relevance of TRAP-18 items to U.S. lone actors, who had a higher average number of items rated present.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1080/1057610X.2020.1758372

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