Virtual and Physical Realities: Violent Extremists’ Recruitment of Individuals Associated with the US Military

R. Kim Cragin

Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, 2025, vol. 48, issue 7, 697-718

Abstract: In an era of social media, the lines between physical and virtual realities have become blurred. This is especially evident in recruitment activities by violent extremists. This article compares five case studies from the white power and militia movements to learn how extremists attract new members. The findings suggest that recruitment occurs through iterative interactions in virtual and physical spaces. These spaces are not isolated to a single movement; individuals instead move between them. The findings did not reveal a divergence between civilian vs military recruits. Nevertheless, more research is needed on the extent to which veterans recruit their peers.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1080/1057610X.2022.2133346

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