Elderly Caregiving: A Gendered Analysis on Caregivers’ Labor, Time-use, and Well-being

Tetsushi Sonobe (), Ashish Kumar Sedai, Aashima Sinha and Dil B. Rahut ()
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Tetsushi Sonobe: Asian Development Bank Institute Tokyo, Japan
Ashish Kumar Sedai: Department of Economics College of Business University of Texas Arlington, TX, USA
Aashima Sinha: Levy Economics Institute Bard College Annandale On Hudson, NY, USA
Dil B. Rahut: Asian Development Bank Institute Tokyo, Japan

Asian Economic Papers, 2025, vol. 24, issue 1, 159-177

Abstract: Based on contextualized primary time-use survey data gathered in India in 2022, the paper examines the gendered effects of elderly caregiving on care providers’ well-being outcomes. It looks at labor supply, time allocation, life satisfaction, happiness, and health outcomes. Using two-stage least squares instrumental variables estimation, it finds greater adverse effects of providing elderly care on women compared with men. An additional hour of elderly caregiving reduces women's (i) probability of labor market participation by 36.2 percentage points and their employment hours by 1.965 hours per day, (ii) self-care and socializing time, and (iii) probability of life satisfaction and happiness; with either no significant, positive, or smaller negative effects for men. We believe this is the first study to provide gender-differentiated effects of elderly care on multidimensional well-being outcomes and holds importance in the light of women's labor market participation, ageing population as well as in designing relevant social security and welfare programs.

Date: 2025
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