Judging under Public Pressure

Alma Cohen, Zvika Neeman and Florian Auferoth
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Zvika Neeman: Tel Aviv University
Florian Auferoth: Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Erlangen-Nürnberg

The Review of Economics and Statistics, 2024, vol. 106, issue 1, 151-166

Abstract: We study the circumstances under which public pressure affects judging. We show that crowd pressure biases decisions in favor of the crowd for “subjective decisions” with respect to which the judge has more discretion but not for “objective decisions.” The bias is strengthened after a judge's error against the crowd and when errors are costlier to the crowd. We use data about referees' decisions and errors from the Bundesliga. We exploit three regimes where, due to the introduction of Video Assistance Refereeing (VAR) and COVID-19, both crowd pressure and the likelihood of errors vary.

Date: 2024
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https://doi.org/10.1162/rest_a_01141
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Working Paper: Judging Under Public Pressure (2021)
Working Paper: Judging Under Public Pressure (2021)
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