All firms are cooperatives – and so are governments

Henry Hansmann ()
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Henry Hansmann: Yale Law Schoo

Journal of Entrepreneurial and Organizational Diversity, 2013, vol. 2, issue 2, 1-10

Abstract: The emergence of social co-operatives cannot be understood without a more detailed analysis of the worldwide fast-growing interest toward social enterprise and social entrepreneurship since the mid-1990s. Much more than US-based schools of thought, a major European conception of social enterprise actually fits the co-operative tradition, and even more precisely, the “world standards of social cooperatives” as formulated by the Organization of Industrial, Artisanal and Service Producers’ Co-operatives (CICOPA). Placing social co-operatives in a longer historical perspective shows that new waves and/or new types of co-operatives generally emerge in times of deep transformations of the whole economic system when some basic conditions are met.

Keywords: Cooperatives; nonprofit organizations; entrepreneurship; public enterprises; private enterprises; governance; firm organization (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: D21 L22 L31 L32 L33 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2013
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (8)

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