The Effects of Universal Early-Childhood Education in Brazil

Aloisio Araujo, Bruno T. Ogava and André Souza

Journal of Human Capital, 2025, vol. 19, issue 3, 614 - 663

Abstract: We study the consequences of expansion of funding for early-childhood education and of mandatory attendance of preschools in Brazil. Using a difference-in-differences approach, we find that attending preschool increases test scores at fifth grade of primary education by 26% (mathematics) and 29% (language) of a standard deviation. The heterogeneous effects reveal that students from disadvantaged backgrounds or from municipalities with greater education investment benefit more. Moreover, we do not find positive and statistically significant results for the effects of attending child care, except for students with less educated mothers.

Date: 2025
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