Comparing the Effects of Linear and Undulating Periodized Resistance Training on Serum Levels of Testosterone, Follistatin, and Strength in Sedentary Men

Barati Naghi, Taherichadorneshin Hossein () and Marefati Hamid
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Barati Naghi: University of Bojnord, Department of Sport Sciences, Bojnord, Iran
Taherichadorneshin Hossein: University of Bojnord, Department of Sport Sciences, Bojnord, Iran
Marefati Hamid: Hakim Sabzevari University, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran

Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism, 2025, vol. 32, issue 3, 16-22

Abstract: Introduction. The mechanisms of hypertrophy induced by resistance training are thought to be related to the effects of testosterone on Follistatin (Fst). Furthermore, determination of the most effective periodization model for strength and creating anabolic conditions is an important step for strength and conditioning professionals. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to compare the effects of linear periodized (LP) and weekly undulating periodized (WUP) resistance training on testosterone, Fst and one repetition maximum (1RM). Material and Methods. Twenty young sedentary men were randomly divided into equal groups of LP and WUP. The subjects performed whole body LP and WUP interventions for 9 weeks (corresponds to 80-90% 1RM). Fasting blood samples were taken pre and post training. 1RM of upper and lower body was also estimated by bench press and squat, respectively. Results. Intra-group comparisons showed that LP (p = 0.005 and p = 0.001 for bench press and squat, respectively) and WUP (p = 0.001 for both bench press and squat) induced a significant increase in 1RM. In contrast, neither LP nor WUP interventions had a significant effect on serum testosterone (p = 0.258 and p = 0.609 for LP and WUP, respectively), cortisol (p = 0.797 and p = 0.079 for LP and WUP, respectively), and Fst (p = 0.768 and p = 0.852 for LP and WUP, respectively). Finally, inter-group comparisons did not show any significant differences between 1RM (p = 0.247 and p = 0.478 for upper and lower body), Fst (p = 0.381), testosterone (p = 0.813), and cortisol (p = 0.724) at the end of the protocol. Conclusions. Both LP and WUP resistance training regimens, independent of Fst and testosterone changes, similarly improve maximal strength in sedentary men.

Keywords: linear undulating periodized resistance training; weekly undulating periodized resistance training; maximal strength; follistatin; testosterone; cortisol (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:vrs:spotou:v:32:y:2025:i:3:p:16-22:n:1002

DOI: 10.2478/pjst-2025-0015

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