Diversity and Inclusion

Azhar Iqbal

World Economics, 2022, vol. 23, issue 1, 91-120

Abstract: This study employs the natural unemployment rate as a benchmark to characterize the state of the US labor market by race and gender. In our analysis, we find that the COVID recession produced asymmetric economic damages to some segments of the population and that the pace of recovery from the recession is slower for some races and gender than for others. This pattern matches similar trends of asymmetric damage and recovery seen over the prior three business cycles. The Black labor market was affected most by recessions and experienced the slowest pace of recovery; in particular, Black women's pace of recovery was the slowest among any race and gender. Of all segments examined over this 30-year period, only the Black labor market never achieved full employment, making the past three business cycles “recovery-less†experiences for Black Americans. This finding, that one race never achieved full employment, suggests that policymakers should incorporate “diversity and inclusion†into their efforts to confront recessionary periods, rather than the current tradition of one-policy-fits-all. Our work proposes a new policy goal of full employment for every race and gender, which we believe would be a start to ending the “recovery-less†experience for Blacks. Typically, policymakers rely on and respond to the aggregate economic numbers; however, we believe there must be policy tools specifically focused on the race/gender-defined labor markets. Our analysis suggests that a faster recovery in the Black labor market would boost the pace of national recovery and that focusing on the Black market would also help the aggregate market. As a result, incorporating the race and gender data would help to design policies to benefit all. In other words, full employment for every race and gender should be the policy goal going forward.

Date: 2022
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