Wholesome Lunch to the Whole Classroom: Short‐ and Longer‐Term Effects on Early Teenagers' Weight

Shiko Maruyama and Sayaka Nakamura

Health Economics, 2025, vol. 34, issue 7, 1255-1273

Abstract: Previous studies on the effect of school lunch programs on child obesity have been hampered by effect heterogeneity, self‐selection, and stigma‐induced under‐reporting, having produced mixed findings. Its potential long‐lasting effect has also been debated. We study the body‐weight effect of a Japanese school lunch program, which provides nutritional lunch to all students at participating municipal junior highs. The lack of means testing and individual participation choice offers causal estimates of actual participation for a diverse and representative group of children. By exploiting almost universal school lunch coverage for elementary school children nationwide, we construct a difference‐in‐differences (DID) framework. Using the 1975–1994 National Nutrition Survey, a nationally representative household survey with measured height and weight, we find a regressive benefit of school lunch: while no statistically significant effect is found for the full sample, we find significant obesity‐reducing effects for the subsamples of children with low socioeconomic backgrounds. This obesity‐reducing effect remains at least a few years after graduation, implying effect through not only nutritional contents but also guiding healthy eating behavior. We find little evidence that school lunch reduces underweight. Propensity score weighting, the DID analysis for percentiles, and various falsification tests confirm the robustness of our estimates.

Date: 2025
References: Add references at CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.4959

Related works:
Working Paper: Wholesome Lunch to the Whole Classroom: Short- and Longer-Term Effects on Early Teenagers' Weight (2021)
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:wly:hlthec:v:34:y:2025:i:7:p:1255-1273

Access Statistics for this article

Health Economics is currently edited by Alan Maynard, John Hutton and Andrew Jones

More articles in Health Economics from John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bibliographic data for series maintained by Wiley Content Delivery ().