Localisation, Genèse et Fonte de Quelques Naleds du Nord du Yukon (Canada)

B. Lauriol and J. Cinq Mars Et I. D. Clark

Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, 1991, vol. 2, issue 3, 225-236

Abstract: Les naleds sont fréquents dans le nord du Yukon, surtout dans le lit des rivières qui entaillent les monts British et Richardson. Presque tous se situent dans le voisinage de massifs calcaires et de failles. Leur épaisseur atteint plusieurs mètres et leur surface peut couvrir des kilomètres carrés. Le plus grand, celui de la rivière Firth, atteint 28 km2. Les eaux et les dépéts de calcite de quatre naleds, ceux de Timber Creek, Fish Hole Creek, Babbage River et Salmon Fork River ont fait l'objet d'analyses isotopiques é18O, é13C et é2H. Les résultats indiquent que l'origine des eaux est locale et que leur gel par la base est un processus assez lent, ce qui permet à la calcite de pr°Cipiter en équilibre á une température proche de 0 °C. Une comparaison entre la superficie du naled de la rivière Firth au cours de l'été et les valeurs de rayonnement solaire enregistrées à Inuvik, montre une bonne corrélation. Icings are abundant in the northern Yukon, particularly within the beds of rivers in the British and Richardson Mountains, and on coastal plain deltas. However, they are absent in river beds draining the carbonate terrains within the more temperate boreal forest regions. The icings occur in association with fault zones in carbonate bedrock which focus regional groundwater drainage. Discharge through river gravels is maintained during the winter season. The thickness of icings can reach several meters, and they can extend over several square kilometers. The largest, found along Firth River, usually exceeds 28 km2. The water and associated mineral deposits from icings in Timber Creek, Fish Hole Creek, and the Babbage and Fork Rivers have been analysed for stable isotopes. Values for δ18O and δ2H suggest a local origin for groundwater. Analyses of δ18O and δ13C in calcite powders formed by the freezing of bicarbonate groundwater indicate a slow freezing process under equilibrium conditions, consistent with growth by basal accretion. A comparison between the surface areas of the icings along the Firth River during the summer melt season and solar radiation measured at Inuvik shows a good correlation.

Date: 1991
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