IS SOLAR AND BIOGAS A BETTER CHOICE THAN ELECTRICITY AND DIESEL?

Nadeem Akmal, Muhammad Qasim, Hassnain Shah, Sumia Bint Zaman, Waqas Farooq and Najid Ahmad
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Nadeem Akmal: Social Sciences Research Institute, NARC, Islamabad, Pakistan
Muhammad Qasim: ��Directorate of Food & Nutritional Security, Social Sciences Research Institute, Pakistan Agricultural Research Council, Islamabad, Pakistan
Hassnain Shah: ��Directorate of Agricultural Marketing and Trade, Social Sciences Division, Pakistan Agricultural Research Council, Islamabad, Pakistan
Sumia Bint Zaman: Social Sciences Research Institute, NARC, Islamabad, Pakistan
Waqas Farooq: �United States Department of Agriculture, Islamabad, Pakistan
Najid Ahmad: �School of Business, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, China

Climate Change Economics (CCE), 2023, vol. 14, issue 04, 1-23

Abstract: This study measures the cost-effectiveness of alternate energy sources for irrigation in Pakistan. Primary data has been collected from eight districts of three provinces of Pakistan. Overall, 223 farmers were personally interviewed out of which, 58 farmers were using electric tube-well, 95 diesel tube-well, and 35 each for solar and biogas-operated tube-wells. The cost of extracting one cubic meter of water through electricity, diesel, subsidized electricity, biogas, and solar was $0.180, $0.013, $0.011, $0.010, and $0.005, respectively. The paper concludes that water pumping using alternative energy sources is cost-effective. Major constraints to adopting solar-powered water pumping systems were the high upfront cost, the lack of awareness, and the lack of available spare parts. The constraints to adopting biogas were difficulty operating and managing through winter.

Keywords: Renewable; energy sources; resource conservation; technologies; sustainable; agriculture (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1142/S2010007823500215

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