CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON TRI-TROPHIC PREDATOR–PREY MODEL OF THE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN WOLVES, UNGULATES, AND PLANTS

Ashraf Adnan Thirthar, Prabir Panja (), Zahraa Albatool Mahdi (), Bapin Mondal (), Asma Al-Jaser (), Manar A. Alqudah () and Thabet Abdeljawad
Additional contact information
Ashraf Adnan Thirthar: Department of Studies and Planning, University of Fallujah, Anbar, Iraq
Prabir Panja: ��Department of Applied Science, Haldia Institute of Technology, Haldia 721657, West Bengal, India
Zahraa Albatool Mahdi: ��Department of Computer Science, College of Education for Pure Science, University of Wasit, Kut, Iraq
Bapin Mondal: �Department of Basic Science and Humanities, Dr. Sudhir Chandra Sur Institute of Technology, and Sports Complex, 540 Dum Dum Road, Surermath, Kolkata 700074, West Bengal, India
Asma Al-Jaser: �Department of Mathematical Sciences, College of Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P. O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
Manar A. Alqudah: �Department of Mathematical Sciences, College of Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P. O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
Thabet Abdeljawad: ��Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India**Department of Mathematics and Sciences, Prince Sultan University, P. O. Box 66833, 11586 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia††Department of Medical Research, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan‡‡Department of Mathematics, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea§§Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Garankuwa, Medusa 0204, South Africa

FRACTALS (fractals), 2025, vol. 33, issue 06, 1-18

Abstract: The model considers the interactions between wolves, ungulates, and plants in a three-level trophic system. Climate change is assumed to have an impact on plant growth, influencing the logistical aspects of plant development. In the absence of ungulate species and climate change, it is suggested that plants could grow logistically. Ungulates are assumed to consume plants and this consumption is influenced by climate change. Wolves are presumed to consume ungulates, and the rate of this consumption is believed to be influenced by global climate change. The study discusses the positivity, boundedness, and dissipativeness of the model, likely referring to the system’s behavior and stability. The stability of equilibrium points in the model is studied, both locally and globally. It is discovered that the populations of ungulates and wolves may go extinct due to the increase in global climate change. The presence of global warming or climate change and increased plant consumption by ungulates could lead to instability of the ecological system. Results from numerical simulations are presented, providing a practical illustration of the model’s behavior under different conditions.

Keywords: Plant; Ungulate; Wolf; Climate Change; Stability; Bifurcation; Fractional (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
References: Add references at CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
http://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/S0218348X25401061
Access to full text is restricted to subscribers

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:wsi:fracta:v:33:y:2025:i:06:n:s0218348x25401061

Ordering information: This journal article can be ordered from

DOI: 10.1142/S0218348X25401061

Access Statistics for this article

FRACTALS (fractals) is currently edited by Tara Taylor

More articles in FRACTALS (fractals) from World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd.
Bibliographic data for series maintained by Tai Tone Lim ().