PHASE-OUT OF LEADED GASOLINE IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: APPROACHES AND PROSPECTS FOR LEBANON

Mutasem El-Fadel () and Zaher Hashisho ()
Additional contact information
Mutasem El-Fadel: Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, PO Box 11-0236, Bliss Street Beirut, Lebanon
Zaher Hashisho: Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, PO Box 11-0236, Bliss Street Beirut, Lebanon

Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management (JEAPM), 2001, vol. 03, issue 01, 35-59

Abstract: Air pollution from urban traffic is a growing environmental problem worldwide. Emissions of lead resulting from the usage of leaded fuel are of particular concern due to associated health hazards. While many countries have accomplished or are in the process of phasing-out leaded gasoline, others continue to rely to a large extent on the use of high lead-content gasoline. Such is the case of Lebanon where the use of unleaded gasoline is hindered not only by the lack of direct governmental endorsement but also by the price difference in favour of leaded gasoline. While the phase-out of leaded gasoline is economically feasible, several measures should be undertaken for a successful transition to unleaded gasoline. This paper reviews the problem of lead addition into gasoline and the international experience in its phase-out. Policy measures and technical considerations for a successful transition to unleaded gasoline are described. Available data for Lebanon about the vehicle fleet characteristics, gasoline consumption and quality as well as lead emissions and concentrations in various environments are presented. This information forms the basis for developing a phase-out action plan outlining the interrelation and responsibilities of various agencies as well as measures to be adopted for a successful phase-out process.

Keywords: leaded gasoline; vehicular lead emissions; lead phase-out; Lebanon (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2001
References: Add references at CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

Downloads: (external link)
http://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/S1464333201000546
Access to full text is restricted to subscribers

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:wsi:jeapmx:v:03:y:2001:i:01:n:s1464333201000546

Ordering information: This journal article can be ordered from

DOI: 10.1142/S1464333201000546

Access Statistics for this article

Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management (JEAPM) is currently edited by Thomas Fischer

More articles in Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management (JEAPM) from World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd.
Bibliographic data for series maintained by Tai Tone Lim ().