INFLUENCE OF INTER- AND INTRA-CELLULOSE FIBERS IN PAPER SUBSTRATE FOR FLEXIBLE MICROFLUIDIC CHANNEL INTEGRATION

Supriya Yadav, Kulwant Singh, Anmol Gupta, Niti Nipun Sharma and Jamil Akhtar
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Supriya Yadav: Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur 303007, Rajasthan, India†FlexMEMS Research Centre, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur 303007, Rajasthan, India
Kulwant Singh: ��FlexMEMS Research Centre, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur 303007, Rajasthan, India‡Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur 303007, Rajasthan, India
Anmol Gupta: ��FlexMEMS Research Centre, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur 303007, Rajasthan, India‡Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur 303007, Rajasthan, India
Niti Nipun Sharma: �Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104 Karnataka, India
Jamil Akhtar: ��Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur 303007, Rajasthan, India

Surface Review and Letters (SRL), 2023, vol. 30, issue 07, 1-8

Abstract: In recent times, among all the substrates used in microfluidic systems, cellulose paper is used as a handy, low-cost substrate that has gained attention for carrying fluid on its surface over capillary pressure. Cellulose paper substrate has exhibited great potential on microfluidic devices owing to prevalent obtainability, easy fluid (sample) flow system, flexibility, and low cost. Cellulose paper is fibrous, biocompatible, and hydrophilic in nature due to the hydroxyl group of the cellulose molecule. Based on the dominance of functional hydroxyl groups, cellulose is very reactive and every single cellulose fiber acts like a microchannel on the paper substrates. Aggregation of inter- and intra-cellulose fiber chains has a strong binding affinity to it and toward materials containing hydroxyls groups. In this paper, impact of inter- and intra-cellulose fiber on the paper substrate has been discussed through an experimental study. For the addition of work a “hydrophobic penetration-on-paper substrate (Hyp-POP)†method has been shown by using TiO2 ink as a hydrophobic material to design the microfluidic channel on the Whatman cellulose filter paper (grade 1) as a paper substrate. In this experimental study, the intra-cellulose fibers of paper substrate interact through hydrogen bonds with water molecules and form a hydrophilic surface on paper substrate while TiO2 binds with intra-cellulose fibers by electrostatic forces which change the crystallinity of intra-cellulose fiber and make the surface of paper substrate; hydrophobic. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) analysis is conceded for microfluidic channel analysis on the paper surface and EDS is carried out for TiO2 ink contents analysis. It has been experimentally observed that the printing material of TiO2 ink with 17.2% Ti content is suitable to integrate hydrophobic barrier on paper substrate for microfluidic channel fabrication. The wetting ability of Whatman cellulose filter paper (grade 1) was further evaluated by contact angle measurements (Data physics OCA 15EC). Using “Hyp-POP†method a hydrophobic pattern (width 3140 μm) on paper substrate has been made for the flow of liquid (blue fountain ink) into a paper fluidic channel (width 1860 μm) without any leakage.

Keywords: Microfluidics; paper-based microfluidic devices; capillary force; inter- and intra-cellulose fiber; patterning (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1142/S0218625X23500476

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