INFLUENCE OF COOLING MEDIUM ON MICROSTRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES IN FRICTION STIR PROCESSING OF MAGNESIUM ALLOY — A REVIEW

C. Rathinasuriyan, R. Sankar, M. Puviyarasan, V. S. Senthil Kumar and K. Palanikumar
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C. Rathinasuriyan: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600062, India
R. Sankar: ��Department of Mechanical Engineering, SRM University Delhi-NCR, Sonepat 131029, India
M. Puviyarasan: ��Department of Mechanical Engineering, Panimalar Engineering College, Chennai 600123, India
V. S. Senthil Kumar: �Department of Mechanical Engineering, CEG, Anna University, Chennai 600025, India
K. Palanikumar: �Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sri Sai Ram Institute of Technology, Chennai 600044, India

Surface Review and Letters (SRL), 2025, vol. 32, issue 1, 1-20

Abstract: Friction stir processing (FSP) is used for changing the microstructure and material properties improvement. In modern years, special attention is exposed by governing the temperature level, and is applied by various coolants spraying on the top surface of the sample during FSP. This review paper explores the impact of several cooling mediums such as normal water, cold water, hot water, and cryogenic on the temperature distribution, grain refinement, mechanical characteristics, and superplastic deformation behavior of FSP using various grades of magnesium (Mg) alloys. It also includes the corrosion rate and wear behavior of FSP on Mg alloys. Through the systematic review, it has been observed that refined grains were formed and the generation of intermetallic compounds was suppressed after FSP in underwater and cryogenic conditions, leading to a notable increase in strength. The higher tensile strength and elongation are exhibited while using cryogenic compared to water medium. This is due to a rapid cooling process, where the high temperature was short for the newly-formed grains to fully develop. This review not only concludes the key findings of the preceding research but also suggests future recommendations.

Keywords: Friction stir processing (FSP); submerged friction stir processing (SFSP); cryogenic-cooling friction stir processing (CFSP); magnesium alloy (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1142/S0218625X24300132

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