Quantum-readiness for the financial system: a roadmap

Raphael Auer, Donna Dodson, Angela Dupont, Maryam Haghighi, Nicolas Margaine, Sarah McCarthy, Andras Valko and Danica Marsden

No 158 in BIS Papers from Bank for International Settlements

Abstract: Quantum computers may in the future break today's widely used encryption. This paper provides a framework to support the financial system in the transition to quantum-safe cryptographic infrastructures. It emphasises the need to start the transition today – with broad awareness and cryptographic inventory as critical foundations. While post-quantum cryptography offers a viable near-term solution, implementation challenges – including performance trade-offs and system integration – require coordinated planning. We caution against regarding this change as simple algorithm replacement. Ensuring the continued security and resilience of the global financial system may involve cryptographic agility, defence in depth, hybrid models and phased migration. Quantum key distribution may hold long-term potential, but several national security agencies note that it still faces infrastructure challenges that limit its immediate applicability.

Date: 2025 Written 2025-07
ISBN: 978-92-9259-869-3
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