The liquidity coverage ratio a decade on: a stocktake of the literature

Sebastian Doerr and Mathias Drehmann

No 164 in BIS Papers from Bank for International Settlements

Abstract: In the decade since the implementation of the Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR), what have we learned about its design, effectiveness and impact? The LCR is a central pillar of the Basel III regulatory reforms and aims to ensure that banks hold sufficient high-quality liquid assets to withstand short-term funding stress. Theoretical work, which mostly features fire-sale externalities, concludes that the LCR can raise welfare by mandating banks to hold more liquid assets or rely less on fragile short-term funding. Empirical work suggests that the LCR strongly raises banks' high-quality liquid assets and somewhat reduces their reliance on short-term funding. However, it can crowd out lending and induce greater risk-taking. The survey concludes with a discussion of open questions about the LCR's effectiveness, design and interaction with central bank policies.

Date: 2026 Written 2026-01
ISBN: 978-92-9259-920-1
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