The emergence of complexity theories: an outline

Hermann Haken

Chapter 2 in Handbook on Cities and Complexity, 2021, pp 28-47 from Edward Elgar Publishing

Abstract: This paper deals with the following topics: How to define complexity? What is a complex system? What is the aim of a complexity theory? Reduction or generation of complexity by unifying approaches? Physics as a prototype of a science. Mechanics/dynamical systems theory and thermodynamics: energy and entropy. Order out of chaos. Schrödinger´s “negative entropy” and Prigogine´s dissipative structures. The light source LASER: a paradigm of selforganization. Pattern formation in nonequilibrium systems. Synergetics as science of selforganization. Bottom up and top down approaches. Game theory-rational decision making. The role of analogies when dealing with complex systems.

Keywords: Economics and Finance; Geography; Urban and Regional Studies (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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