City systems and complexity

Michael Batty

Chapter 3 in Handbook on Cities and Complexity, 2021, pp 48-63 from Edward Elgar Publishing

Abstract: We first present the systems approach as it developed in the physical and social sciences during the 20th century and how it provided a theoretical foundation for ill-defined systems such as cities. The notion of the system being constructed from the top-down manifesting a stable equilibrium which underpins the approach was found wanting and we sketch the way complexity theory developed in its wake. We introduce Weaver’s threefold classification into simple systems, systems of disorganised complexity, and systems of organized complexity and suggest that these three types show different degrees of unpredictability in terms of the science underpinning them. We then outline the properties of city systems as they are revealed by complexity theory. We examine the size, scale and shape of cities in terms of how cities change qualitatively with respect to their size, introducing allometry, rank-size, and power laws which represent ways in which cities change as they grow and evolve through the hierarchy of size. We note central place theories and gravitational models and then illustrate how all these ideas can be tied together using concepts from information theory and entropy. We conclude with some reflections on the dynamics of complex systems, focusing on the need to use ideas from complexity theory to think about how the future form and function of cities might evolve.

Keywords: Economics and Finance; Geography; Urban and Regional Studies (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: Add references at CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.elgaronline.com/view/edcoll/9781789900118/9781789900118.00010.xml (application/pdf)
Our link check indicates that this URL is bad, the error code is: 503 Service Temporarily Unavailable

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:elg:eechap:18907_3

Ordering information: This item can be ordered from
http://www.e-elgar.com

Access Statistics for this chapter

More chapters in Chapters from Edward Elgar Publishing
Bibliographic data for series maintained by Darrel McCalla ().