Skills and structural change

Johan Westerman and Edvin Syk

Chapter 4 in A Research Agenda for Skills and Inequality, 2023, pp 51-63 from Edward Elgar Publishing

Abstract: This chapter reviews the theoretical and empirical literature on the topics of skill upgrading and service expansion. New employment-based estimates are then provided, including separate estimates for three service categories: (a) human services, (b) market services, and (c) personal services. Empirical trends in skill upgrading within these categories are analyzed. Data used are the Swedish-Level-of-Living (LNU) surveys as well as comparative databases. All estimates are provided using both industry- and occupation-based indicators. Both indicators show similar overall trends, but the former obscures heterogeneity in levels of skill requirements between categories. Findings verify that skill upgrading and service expansion occur steadily over the period 1960s-2010s. For Sweden, a major part of this expansion is driven by growth of the human services. Skill upgrading occurs in all sectors, i.e. is not driven by secular changes in the distribution of employment across sectors, nor by differences in the pace of upgrading between sectors.

Keywords: Business and Management; Economics and Finance; Education; Geography; Sociology and Social Policy (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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