Medical oxygen logistics in India: a pandemic response

Swapnil Garg and Sachin Garg

Chapter 17 in Research Handbook on Transport and COVID-19, 2025, pp 340-361 from Edward Elgar Publishing

Abstract: Medical Oxygen (MOX) therapy played a crucial role in the management of COVID-19, as evidenced by the MOX demand surge (almost thrice its peak of the first wave) during the second wave of the pandemic (March–June 2021). This stressed the Indian MOX supply chain. Oxygen production, primarily aimed at industrial use in the steel industry, was concentrated in Eastern India, in sparsely populated areas. Since much of this oxygen was meant for captive industrial use, there was a lack of cryogenic storage and tankers for transportation. These logistical challenges emerged as the primary constraints in the supply chain. However, by implementing innovative solutions on a mission-critical basis, MOX was successfully distributed across the country, saving numerous lives. This study examines the availability of MOX in India during COVID-19, with an objective to identify and document the various initiatives and actions taken. This is followed by a Responsiveness and Resilience (2R) analysis of the supply chain, highlighting both achievements and shortcomings. Through this reflective process, we seek to glean valuable insights, assess the preparedness levels, and conceptualize a comprehensive framework for future interventions that can effectively address similar exigencies in the future.

Keywords: Oxygen logistics; COVID-19 Pandemic; India; Supply Chain Management (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
ISBN: 9781802208009
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