‘Hybrid’ threats

Antonio Missiroli

Chapter 29 in Handbook of European Union Governance, 2025, pp 414-429 from Edward Elgar Publishing

Abstract: Hybrid warfare is a conceptual response to the multidimensionality of warfare and threats in the post-Cold War international order, the need to integrate the diffusion of digital technologies across weapons systems and civilian spaces, and the emergence of novel vulnerabilities that resist deterrence strategies or successful defence. In strictly military terms, ‘hybrid’ has indeed become the new ‘joint’: no large-scale operation can work effectively without targeted cyber and information capabilities alongside the traditional kinetic ones. In broader political terms, for the West (and for the EU in particular), hybrid warfare proper and ‘cybrid’ campaigns at large have now come to constitute a major systemic challenge that requires a comprehensive, equally multi-dimensional approach. This chapter examines the evolution of the concept of hybrid warfare and hybrid threats and assesses the individual and joint EU and NATO institutional and operational responses to this threat.

Keywords: Hybrid threats; Hybrid warfare; Russo-Ukraine war; Cyberwarfare; Digital technologies; AI (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
ISBN: 9781803925172
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