The state's role in hate: understanding hate crime throughout US history

James Hawdon

Chapter 18 in Research Handbook on Hate and Hate Crimes in Society, 2024, pp 320-343 from Edward Elgar Publishing

Abstract: This chapter explores the complex relationship between the state and hate crimes. Looking throughout history, the United States government has frequently engaged in behaviors that targeted marginalized groups and could easily be classified as hate crimes; however, this same state passed laws that defined and then enforced hate crimes as offenses whose perpetrators deserve additional punishments. Recognizing this, it is argued that states can adopt four different roles vis-à-vis hate depending on the normative stance they take either promoting division or inclusion and if they promote these norms passively or actively. Based on this typology, the state can participate in, tolerate, castigate, or regulate hate crimes. Historical examples of when the US federal government and various states have adopted each role are provided, and the chapter concludes with theoretical and practical considerations.

Keywords: Law - Academic; Sociology and Social Policy; Sustainable Development Goals (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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