Waste

Umberto Arena, Filomena Ardolino and Francesco Parrillo

Chapter 186 in Elgar Encyclopedia of Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment, 2026, pp 701-703 from Edward Elgar Publishing

Abstract: Waste is not only the final step of the “cradle-to-gate” cycle of a product but one of the stages of its possible new lives. A modern waste management (WM) should be “integrated” and “sustainable”, hence more a management of resources than just a management of solid wastes. The “Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control” and the “Life Cycle Assessment” are the two approaches that can guarantee these characteristics. IPPC defines the best available techniques (BAT); indicates the procedures to obtain the Integrated Environmental Authorization; and provides BAT Reference Documents as new tools for an appropriate formation and information of companies and citizens. LCA includes the main environmental burdens and potential impacts of the whole supply chain, from the original sources of the materials and energy to the use of the product and its disposal, recycling, or recovery. The advantage of the LCA approach is providing an exhaustive overview of all interested flows, quantifying the WM environmental profile in a transparent way.

Keywords: Waste; LCT approach; IPPC approach; Waste-LCA; Waste-to-Energy; Waste-to-Resources (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2026
ISBN: 9781035309887
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