Critical review

Atsushi Inaba

Chapter 31 in Elgar Encyclopedia of Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment, 2026, pp 103-105 from Edward Elgar Publishing

Abstract: The ISO standards define critical review as a process to ensure that Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) studies comply with established principles and requirements. Critical reviews examine the methodology, data, interpretation, and reporting consistency but do not validate the chosen goals or application of results. Requirements for critical reviews distinguish between internal, external, and panel reviews depending on the study's purpose. Concurrent critical reviews are emphasized for their role in minimizing revisions and ensuring reviewer independence. For the Carbon Footprint of Products, critical review practices align with these principles. While “verification” in Type III environmental declarations focuses on confirming data accuracy, critical reviews emphasize methodological consistency. Similarly, protocols for greenhouse gas assessments differentiate between verification and critical reviews, reinforcing their distinct roles in ensuring methodological integrity and data credibility in environmental evaluations.

Keywords: Critical review; Life cycle assessment; ISO Standards; Carbon footprint; Verification (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2026
ISBN: 9781035309887
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