Defenses

Toshiko Takenaka

Chapter 14 in The Law and Theory of Patents, 2026, pp 356-381 from Edward Elgar Publishing

Abstract: This chapter analyzes the principal defenses and exceptions that limit the exercise of patent rights, situating them within the policy framework of TRIPS Article 30 and the three‑step test. While TRIPS Article 28 grants exclusive rights, international law recognizes that narrowly tailored exceptions are essential to protect public interests, support follow‑on innovation, and prevent over‑enforcement that could hinder technological progress and social welfare.

Keywords: Infringement defenses and exceptions; Patent invalidity; Experimental and private use; Bolar exception; Prior user right; Exhaustion and implied licenses (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2026
ISBN: 9781035310425
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