Shift from national to global governance

Toshiko Takenaka

Chapter 2 in The Law and Theory of Patents, 2026, pp 20-38 from Edward Elgar Publishing

Abstract: This chapter examines the evolution of the international patent regime from a sovereignty‑based framework under the Paris Convention to the globally harmonized and enforceable system established through the TRIPS Agreement. It first explains how the Paris Convention preserved national autonomy through principles such as national treatment, priority rights, and independence of patents, enabling countries—particularly developing and catch‑up economies—to tailor patent standards to domestic industrial policy. The chapter then analyzes the transformative impact of TRIPS, which introduced binding minimum patentability and enforcement standards, compulsory dispute settlement, and trade‑sanction‑backed compliance, thereby shifting patent governance from national legal systems to the WTO's multilateral trade structure.

Keywords: Patent harmonization; IP related international agreements; Paris Convention; Priority right; TRIPS Agreement; Minimum standards (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2026
ISBN: 9781035310425
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