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Where have all the peace agreements gone? On the decline of intra-state peace agreements

Isak Svensson

Chapter 19 in Handbook on the Politics of International Agreements, 2026, pp 291-303 from Edward Elgar Publishing

Abstract: With the world having become more violent and conflict-prone, and other measures of international conflict management having weakened or declined, mediation has never been more needed than today. Yet, mediation has become less effective over time, and, for example, fewer peace agreements are reached, fewer ceasefires are negotiated, and fewer instances occur where mediators get negotiations between conflict parties started. From a mediation perspective, three key global trends are reshaping the nature of conflicts and mediators’ ability to manage them effectively: the changing world order characterized by conflicts increasing in frequency, intensity, and complexity, and an erosion of international norms and consensus in international institutions; the increasing involvement of radical actors, particularly Islamist armed actors in armed conflicts; and the global wave of state-based ethno-nationalism. Mediators need to adapt to these changes to meet the needs and fulfill the potential of international mediation.

Keywords: Peacemaking; Mediation; World Order; Armed Conflict; International Institutions and Norms; Nationalism (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2026
ISBN: 9781035318582
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