Japan's uniqueness on rulemaking of AI: an alternative for US and EU approaches

Toshiya Jitsuzumi

Chapter 14 in Research Handbook on Digital Regulatory Agencies, 2026, pp 234-252 from Edward Elgar Publishing

Abstract: The emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) has introduced a new technological frontier with capabilities far beyond those of humans. However, it also necessitates careful attention to its inherent risks and uncertainties. This chapter addresses both the technical and social risks associated with AI, advocating for transparency, accountability, and trust to ensure responsible AI deployment. It highlights Japan's unique approach to AI, which emphasizes voluntary initiatives and flexible regulations to balance innovation with risk mitigation. The chapter provides a comprehensive overview of Japan's policy evolution on AI, contrasts it with the ‘hard law’ strategies of the EU and the shifting stance of the US, and concludes with insights into alternative regulatory frameworks, proposing future directions for effective AI governance.

Keywords: Japan; AI Rulemaking; Soft Law; AI Governance; AI Guideline (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2026
ISBN: 9781035330881
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