AI governance pathways: what second-generation national strategies reveal

Roxana Radu

Chapter 11 in Handbook on the Global Governance of Artificial Intelligence, 2026, pp 175-190 from Edward Elgar Publishing

Abstract: Since 2017, governments worldwide have started to articulate national strategies for artificial intelligence (AI). Several countries have since refined their initial AI vision(s) and ambitions, clarifying their priorities and implementation plans for deploying and governing AI. Addressing a blind spot in the AI scholarship, this chapter examines the second-generation national AI strategies—released between 2020 and 2023—focusing on their contribution to harmonising pathways towards a global AI governance approach. Using qualitative content analysis, the chapter explores the strategic positioning of four countries that pioneered the revisions of their strategies, comparing their regulatory orientation and international collaboration approaches. The analysis reveals notable alignment in promoting a whole-of-government vision grounded in a mature assessment of AI's broader geopolitical, economic, and societal implications. Despite national differences, the four countries use their soft-law, pro-innovation frameworks to shape increasingly convergent pathways to international AI governance.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence; AI; Vision; Regulation; National Strategies; Action Plan; Private Governance; International Collaboration (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2026
ISBN: 9781035338573
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