Multi-objective 4-dimensional green transportation problem for multi-items through IoT driven vehicle velocity

Md Samim Aktar and Deepak Sharma

Chapter 16 in Handbook on Artificial Intelligence and the Circular Economy, 2026, pp 238-256 from Edward Elgar Publishing

Abstract: Greenhouse gases, in part CO2 emitted by vehicles, are responsible for global warming. The emission of such gases can be controlled through the optimal selection of the velocity of vehicles via analyzing weather, road surfaces, etc., by using Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Considering the role of IoT in velocity, a multi-objective 4-dimensional green transportation problem is formulated with vehicle volume capacity using the IoT to reduce total cost and carbon emissions. In this study, we use Mamdani type-1 fuzzy logic to calculate the velocity of different conveyances based on IoT data. The multi-objective numerical problem is then solved using the weighted method, the utility function method, and the global criterion method in Lingo 11.0. For total cost and carbon emissions, the weighted and utility methods give similar values; however, the global criterion gives a better result for carbon emissions. This study demonstrates that the shortest distance and the cheapest unit transportation cost are not always the best options for the model's minimum cost. The optimum velocity of vehicles through IoT is found to be useful for obtaining minimum cost and carbon emission under real-life conditions.

Keywords: 4DTP; Volume capacity; Carbon emissions; IoT; Type-1 fuzzy logic (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2026
ISBN: 9781035343379
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