Origins and evolution of smart specialisation

George Papamichail

Chapter 2 in Unlocking Smart Specialisation, 2026, pp 10-32 from Edward Elgar Publishing

Abstract: This chapter traces the evolution of Smart Specialisation Strategies (S3) from their origins in academic debate to their institutionalisation as a core element of European regional policy. It situates S3 within the shift from linear, centre-led innovation models to place-based, networked approaches inspired by Regional Innovation Systems and institutional theory. The chapter reviews the first programming cycle, highlighting learning around prioritisation, entrepreneurial discovery and multi-level governance. It then examines the transition toward S3 2.0, characterised by alignment with the green and digital transitions, mission-oriented objectives, inter-regional value-chain integration and more advanced monitoring and evaluation. Attention is also given to international diffusion beyond the EU and the conditions for effective adaptation. Overall, the chapter argues that S3's evolution marks a broader rebalancing of regional policy toward prioritisation, critical mass and transformative outcomes.

Keywords: Entrepreneurial discovery; Mission-oriented policy; Place-based innovation; Regional innovation systems; Smart specialisation strategies (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2026
ISBN: 9781035346370
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