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International approaches to economic crime

Jonathan Clough

Chapter 20 in Research Handbook on Fraud and Society, 2026, pp 376-391 from Edward Elgar Publishing

Abstract: Economic crime is a concept of expanding scope but uncertain definition, encompassing a wide range of offences from fraud to terrorist financing. Constantly evolving with technological change, its scale is inherently difficult to assess due to inconsistent terminology, overlapping categories, and underreporting. This chapter examines international responses to economic crime through three case studies. Money laundering is explored as an example of regulatory complexity, highlighting the role of international frameworks and hybrid enforcement models. Identity theft illustrates the challenges of legal harmonisation and the absence of consistent international standards. Bribery is examined through the rise of corporate liability, and ‘failure to prevent’ offences as a model for extraterritorial enforcement. Taken together, these examples highlight the challenges of transnational enforcement, the necessity for legal and institutional coordination, and the importance of capacity building. The chapter concludes by emphasising the need for proactive, preventive strategies.

Keywords: Economic crime; Money laundering; Identity theft; Bribery; Transnational enforcement; Corporate liability (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2026
ISBN: 9781035348800
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