EU–Egypt cooperation on democratisation pre-2011

Bassant Hassib () and Christian Kaunert ()

Chapter 2 in EU, Egypt and Democracy Promotion, 2025, pp 38-57 from Edward Elgar Publishing

Abstract: This chapter examines the EU's cooperation with Egypt before 2011 to promote democracy and human rights under the frameworks of the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership, European Neighbourhood Policy, and Union for the Mediterranean. It explores the tools and instruments employed – diplomatic dialogue and financial assistance – and evaluates their effectiveness. The chapter highlights how such instruments yielded limited results, reflecting a broader tension between security interests and normative objectives, explained by conflicting EU member state priorities and resulting in the EU's lack of enforcement of its democratic conditionality principle. Challenges related to financial instruments like MEDA and EIDHR included limited funding, over-reliance on government channels, and restricted access to independent NGOs. Diplomatic dialogue often failed due to Egypt's resistance to external interference and the EU's reluctance to enforce conditionality clauses.

Keywords: European Neighbourhood Policy; Euro-Mediterranean Partnership; Union for the Mediterranean; Egypt; MEDA; EIDHR (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
ISBN: 9781035350520
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