The industry structure of Video 4.0

Eli Noam

Chapter 19 in Video 2040, 2026, pp 359-379 from Edward Elgar Publishing

Abstract: This chapter explores the industry structure of Video 4.0, the next generation of video media. It analyzes the fundamental economics of Video 4.0, including economies of scale, scope, vertical integration, distance, and network effects, which are expected to lead to a concentrated industry dominated by large firms with significant market shares, often operating as “walled gardens.” The chapter discusses the potential for decentralized video systems, such as those enabled by Web3 and open-source software, and concludes that the technology and economics of Video 4.0 will likely result in a system controlled by large and global companies. The chapter also examines market concentration across various segments of the video industry, including content platforms, infrastructure, and consumer video devices. It provides insights into the future of the video industry and the potential implications for competition, innovation, and regulation.

Keywords: Web3; Open Source; Economies of Scale; Market Dominance; Media Concentration; Critical Mass; Walled Gardens (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2026
ISBN: 9781035358168
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