The European Union

Richard Pomfret

Chapter 7 in Connecting Europe and China, 2026, pp 123-143 from Edward Elgar Publishing

Abstract: In 2019, the EU stated that China was a cooperation partner and negotiating partner, while at the same time being an economic competitor in pursuit of technological leadership, and a systemic rival promoting alternative models of governance. The Eurasian rail corridor is a prime example of the benefits of a cooperative arrangement between the EU and China. After Russia's invasion of Ukraine and ensuing sanctions, the EU responded quickly in promoting non-Russian rail routes while China followed more slowly but also positively. Meanwhile, hardening US attitudes towards China promoted debates in Europe about China. In 2025 the question of whether China as a cooperation partner (on the Middle Corridor) and negotiating partner (on the rules-based global system) could be balanced against fears of China as an economic competitor and systemic rival were heightened by Donald Trump's return to the US presidency.

Keywords: European Union; China; Middle Corridor; Railway (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2026
ISBN: 9781035361694
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