Illegal markets under the Montreal Protocol

Lorraine Elliott

Chapter 4 in Transnational Environmental Crime, 2026, pp 48-70 from Edward Elgar Publishing

Abstract: The chapter introduces the complexities of what otherwise seems a straightforward case of illegal trade in substances that are controlled or prohibited under the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer. It shows how, over time, the networks of suppliers, brokers, and traders responsible for illicit commodity chains have come to be characterized by more complex transactional and arms-length organizational forms. Despite the adoption of new control schedules under the Protocol, the chapter demonstrates how and why it was not difficult for end-users, traders, and retailers to find a ready supply of stockpiled, diverted, and newly produced chemicals to meet demand for illicit ozone-depleting substances as well as transition and replacement chemicals. The consequence has been a significant web of illicit trading links involving multiple forms of deception, fraud, and corruption that span illegal and legal economies.

Keywords: Montreal Protocol; Ozone-Depleting Substances; Hydrofluorocarbons; Banked Ozone; Pollution Crime (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2026
ISBN: 9781035374359
References: Add references at CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.elgaronline.com/doi/10.4337/9781035374366.00009 (application/pdf)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:elg:eechap:25013_4

Ordering information: This item can be ordered from
http://www.e-elgar.com

Access Statistics for this chapter

More chapters in Chapters from Edward Elgar Publishing
Bibliographic data for series maintained by Jack Sweeney ().