Taxation of carbon credits trading through tokenized assets

Danielle Bertagnolli

Chapter 3 in Frontiers in the Low-carbon Transition, 2026, pp 38-54 from Edward Elgar Publishing

Abstract: This chapter examines the legal nature and tax regime of carbon credits in Brazil, focusing on transactions through tokenization. Based on accounting, environmental, and tax standards, it finds that carbon credits are recognized as intangible assets, despite a fragmented regulatory environment. Tokenization increases transactional complexity by bringing these assets closer to the financial market and enabling different trading structures. The study shows that taxation follows the logic of onerous transfer of rights, guiding the incidence of Corporate Income Tax (IRPJ), Social Contribution on Net Income (CSLL), Contribution to the Social Integration Program (PIS), and Contribution to Social Security Financing (COFINS). Uncertainty persists regarding the Tax on Services of Any Nature (ISSQN) and accounting classifications. The chapter concludes that greater regulatory consolidation is required and that proper tax analysis demands an integrated assessment of the transaction structure, accounting regime, and legal effects of tokenization.

Keywords: Carbon Credits; Tokenization; Taxation; Environmental Assets (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2026
ISBN: 9781049412115
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