United States Country Report

Shigeru Kimura, Phoumin Han and Alloysius Joko Purwanto
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Shigeru Kimura: Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA)
Alloysius Joko Purwanto: Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA)

Chapter 18 in Energy Outlook and Energy Saving Potential in East Asia 2023, pp 411 - 430 from Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA)

Abstract: The United States (US) is the fourth largest country in the world by total area and the third largest by population. Since 2010, the country’s population has grown by an average of about 2.3 million people per year, reaching approximately 332.4 million people in 2021 (US Census Bureau, 2022a & 2022b) with over 80% living in urban areas (US Census Bureau, 2010 & World Bank, 2022a). The US is the world’s first or second largest economy (depending on the metric), with a gross domestic product (GDP) of $23 trillion and per capita income of $70,480 as of 2021 (World Bank, 2022b & World Bank, 2022c). By sector of origin, roughly 80% of the US GDP can be linked to services, while around 18% is linked to industry including construction (World Bank, 2022d, and World Bank, 2022e).Agriculture, forestry, and fishing collectively make up just 1% (World Bank, 2022f).More broadly, international trade also plays a crucial role in the overall strength and health of its economy, with data from the World Bank suggesting that roughly one quarter of the US GDP is linked to trade (World Bank, 2022g).

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