The Thermodynamics of Heavy Metal Sorption onto Lignocellulosic Biomass

Carlos Escudero-Onate and Isabel Villaescusa

A chapter in Heavy Metals from IntechOpen

Abstract: The sorption equilibrium and thermodynamics of Cu(II), Ni(II), Pb(II), and Cd(II) onto grape stalks (GS), a lignocellulosic waste from wine production industries, have been investigated. Different equilibrium models have been assessed to describe the experimental sorption equilibrium profile in the range of 5-60°C. Maximum sorption capacities have been calculated by means of Langmuir equilibrium model and mean free sorption energies through the Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) model. Mean free energies suggest that metal sorption takes place mainly through an ion exchange mechanism, except for Pb(II), where an additional contribution connected to a stronger bond might take place. The calculation of thermodynamic parameters, ?G0, ?H0 and ?S0, puts into evidence that the sorption of all the metals onto GS is a spontaneous and exothermic process that occurs with an increase of randomness at the solid/liquid interface.

Keywords: sorption; divalent metals; lignocellulosic sorbent; isotherm; thermodynamic (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q55 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:ito:pchaps:137684

DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.74260

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