Carbon-Based Materials for De-Fluoridation of Water: Current Status and Challenges

Rajeev Kumar and Jyoti Chawla

A chapter in Carbon-Based Material for Environmental Protection and Remediation from IntechOpen

Abstract: World is facing scarcity of pure and safe drinkable water and third world war would be based on this issue. Recently ground water is excessively used to meet drinking water needs. Water is the principal source of fluoride in daily intake. Excessive fluoride content in ground water due to leaching from fluoride bearing rocks, pose a serious threat worldwide. Concentration of fluoride in drinking water beyond the recommended standards may lead to serious health problems such as skeletal problems, restricted movement, severe anemia and fluorosis. De-fluoridation of water is quite difficult and expensive. Various materials and technologies have been developed to solve this world wide problem. Ion-exchange, precipitation, electro-chemical, reverse osmosis and adsorption are most widely applied methods for de-fluoridation of water. The main highlight of this chapter is to identify and compare carbon-based materials for de-fluoridation of water on the basis of their efficiency, cost and availability. Challenges associated with the development and use of cost effective and environmental friendly materials for de-fluoridation of water have also been discussed.

Keywords: carbon-based materials; de-fluoridation; ground water purification; water contaminates; de-fluoridation techniques; environmental impacts (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:ito:pchaps:194468

DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.90879

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