The Dynamics of the Second Economy in Poland

Maria Łoś

Chapter 3 in The Second Economy in Marxist States, 1990, pp 27-49 from Palgrave Macmillan

Abstract: Abstract In the period immediately following the Second World War and the imposition of the Soviet-backed communist government in Poland, only large and medium-scale plants were taken over by the new state (on 3 January 1946), while retail trade, services, crafts, and small-scale industrial industrial firms remained in private hands (Zieliñski, 1974; Åslund, 1984: 429). But the years 1947–8 witnessed an ideological battle over trade between the Communists and more moderate Socialists in which the latter were defeated (Kaliński, 1970). By the end of the 1940s all industries were effectively nationalised and private trade and craftsmanship liquidated. This was achieved by ‘a combination of ruthless, inconsistent laws, withdrawal of licences, prohibitive taxation, unprofitably low fixed prices, lawless persecution, etc.’, all of which was officially labelled as a ‘sharp class struggle’ (Åslund, 1984: 429, 430; also Åslund, 1985a: 25–33; Kaliński, 1970).

Keywords: Private Sector; Organize Crime; Retail Trade; Black Market; White Collar Crime (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 1990
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DOI: 10.1007/978-1-349-20422-9_3

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