 Environmentally Sustainable Development in the Middle East and North AfricaChapter 10 in Prospects for Middle Eastern and North African Economies, 1998, pp 262-287 from Palgrave Macmillan Abstract: Abstract The extensive environmental degradation of the past forty years has heightened concern about the global environment. Problem areas include the rapidly depleting ozone layer, the greenhouse effect, acid rain, deforestation and desertification, the loss of vegetated land, municipal and hazardous waste, air and water pollution, a declining fish population, and the loss of animal species. During 1945— 90, a period in which the world’s population doubled, nearly 11 percent of the Earth’s vegetated soil (1.2 billion hectares) was degraded. Furthermore, deforestation increased by 50 percent during the 1980s, reaching an annual average of 17 million hectares (WRI, 1992). Among these lands, tropical rainforests–which are particularly crucial because they support a vast range of plants and animals and affect the Earth’s climate–are being lost at even faster rates. During the 1980s, for example, an estimated 9 percent of the world’s tropical Keywords: Gross Domestic Product; Sulfur Dioxide; Middle East; Environmental Degradation; Nitrogen Oxide (search for similar items in EconPapers) There are no downloads for this item, see the EconPapers FAQ for hints about obtaining it. Related works: Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:pal:palchp:978-1-349-26137-6_10 Ordering information: This item can be ordered from DOI: 10.1007/978-1-349-26137-6_10 Access Statistics for this chapter More chapters in Palgrave Macmillan Books from Palgrave Macmillan |
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