The Economic Geography of Human Capital in Twentieth-Century Latin America in an International Comparative Perspective

Enriqueta Camps-Cura

Chapter Chapter 5 in Changes in Population, Inequality and Human Capital Formation in the Americas in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries, 2019, pp 61-85 from Palgrave Macmillan

Abstract: Abstract In this chapter, we present results for educational achievement in the different economic regions of Latin America (Big countries: Mexico and Brazil; Southern Cone; Andean countries; Central America; and others) during the twentieth century. The variables we use to measure education are average years of education, literacy, average years in primary school, average years in secondary school, and average years in university. To attain a broader perspective on the relationship of education with human capital and with welfare and wellbeing we relate the educational measures to life expectancy and other human capital variables and GDP per capita. We then use regressions to examine the impact of race and ethnicity on education, and of education on economic growth and levels of GDP per capita. The most significant results we wish to emphasize are related to the importance of raceRace and racial fractionalization in explaining regional differences in educational achievement. Southern Cone countries, with a higher density of white population, present the highest levels of education in average terms, while countries from Central America and Brazil, with a higher proportion of Indigenous Americans and/or blacks, have the lowest levels. In most countries, the major improvements in educational achievement are the expansion of primary education during the first half of the twentieth century, and the expansion of secondary education after 1950. In all cases, average years in university are low, despite improvements in university quality during the last decades of the century when professors exiled during dictatorships returned to their countries of origin. International comparisons (continental averages for years of education weighted by country population size) place twentieth-century Latin America in an intermediate position between the United States and Europe at the top, and countries from Asia and Africa at the bottom.

Keywords: Natural experiment; Education; Health; Endogenous; Comparative (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2019
References: Add references at CitEc
Citations:

There are no downloads for this item, see the EconPapers FAQ for hints about obtaining it.

Related works:
Working Paper: The Economic Geography of Human Capital in Twentieth-Century Latin America in an International Comparative Perspective (2016)
Working Paper: The economic geography of human capital in Twentieth-century Latin America in an international comparative perspective (2016)
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:pal:palscp:978-3-030-21351-0_5

Ordering information: This item can be ordered from
http://www.palgrave.com/9783030213510

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-21351-0_5

Access Statistics for this chapter

More chapters in Palgrave Studies in Economic History from Palgrave Macmillan
Bibliographic data for series maintained by Sonal Shukla () and Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing ().