Quantifying Biodiversity Exposure: Metrics, Methods, and Limitations

Giuseppe Rimo () and Simona Cosma ()
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Giuseppe Rimo: University of Bologna, Department of Management
Simona Cosma: University of Bologna, Department of Management

Chapter 4 in Biodiversity and Banks, 2026, pp 49-80 from Palgrave Macmillan

Abstract: Abstract This chapter explores how biodiversity loss becomes a source of financial risk for banks. It outlines the main transmission channels through which ecosystem degradation affects credit quality, collateral value, liquidity, and operational resilience. The chapter then reviews the main tools for measuring biodiversity-related impacts and dependencies, distinguishing between sectoral (e.g., ENCORE, Sectoral Materiality Tool), geographical (WWF Biodiversity Risk Filter), and firm-level approaches (Corporate Biodiversity Footprint, biodiversity-adjusted ESG scores, and text-based metrics). Emerging models, such as Bio-Value-at-Risk (BioVaR), link ecological shocks to financial losses, thereby bridging the gap between environmental science and risk modelling. These methodologies align with the Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD), supporting financial institutions in identifying, quantifying, and integrating nature-related risks into their strategies and disclosures. The chapter concludes by emphasising current limitations such as data scarcity, methodological heterogeneity, and weak links between ecological and financial metrics, while stressing the strategic role of robust biodiversity assessment in safeguarding financial stability and steering capital towards nature-positive outcomes.

Keywords: Biodiversity finance; Biodiversity risk; Biodiversity metrics; Biodiversity footprint; Nature-related risks (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2026
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DOI: 10.1007/978-3-032-17631-8_4

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