Transgender Marginalisation in India

Mustafa K. Jillisger () and Nakshatra Lakshamanan
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Mustafa K. Jillisger: RV University, School of Economics and Public Policy
Nakshatra Lakshamanan: RV University, School of Economics and Public Policy

A chapter in Proceedings of the IBA IEA Conference on Economics and Public Policy (Ecofluence 2024), 2025, pp 249-272 from Springer

Abstract: Abstract Subjected to intense ostracization over the years, and yet revered in many scriptures, the transgender community in India has suffered through the ages. Having only received recognition as the third gender in 2020, this marginalised community survives either through sex work, or begging as per Mumbai based activist Abhina Aher (Mugloo, S., & Rafiq, S. (2023, April 7). ‘They thought I was a curse’: The struggles of India’s trans community. openDemocracy). They are marginalised and face various forms of abuse, including emotional violence and sexual assault. From the moment they realize they are different, transgender individuals face a world that denies them recognition, education, employment, and legal rights. This paper explores the impact of this exclusion on their community. Despite policy changes and the recognition of transgender individuals as a third gender, along with efforts to create equal work opportunities, many still prefer begging over formal employment. This paper is a qualitative approach to understanding if there is a shift, or if these policies are too little too late for a large part of our population.

Keywords: transgender marginalisation; inclusion; policy intervention (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.2991/978-94-6463-766-3_13

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