The Impact of Population Aging on China's Economic Growth

Jianan Wu ()
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Jianan Wu: Beijing Royal School

A chapter in Proceedings of the 2025 5th International Conference on Enterprise Management and Economic Development (ICEMED 2025), 2025, pp 1063-1070 from Springer

Abstract: Abstract China’s population aging has accelerated mainly because of the continuous decline in fertility and the increase in average life expectancy. Since the implementation of the family planning policy in the 1970s, the overall population fertility has been comfortably below the replacement generation level and, at present, has dropped to 1.0–1.2. In contrast, improved medical and living standards have enabled the average life expectancy of the populace to be comfortably more than 78 years and will continue to climb. Its characteristics are a large and growing population of the old, high aging rate, and “rich before old.” The impact of population aging on economic growth is threefold in nature, reducing the supply of labor, changing the pattern of consumption, and contributing to the social security and finance burden. The aim of this paper is to investigate the impact of population aging on China’s economic development, discuss its roles in supplying labor, enhancing labor productivity, and study its impact on the consumption pattern and industrial upgrade. And put forward national measures, like boosting labor productivity, improving the social security system, guiding the industrial development, etc., in face of challenges posed by aging, to achieve steady economic growth.

Keywords: Population Aging; China’s Economic Growth; Labor Supply; Consumption Structure; Social Security (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:spr:advbcp:978-94-6463-811-0_115

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DOI: 10.2991/978-94-6463-811-0_115

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