Energy Transition and Technology in Italy 1660–1913

Paolo Malanima ()
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Paolo Malanima: Guangxi Normal University, School of History, Culture and Tourism

A chapter in The First Industrial Revolution and Global Divergence, 2026, pp 175-207 from Springer

Abstract: Abstract The energy transition of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries marked a sharp discontinuity in the history of technology and the economy. This chapter analyzes the trajectory of Italy’s technology and economy from 1660 to 1913, focusing on the pivotal energy transition. We distinguish between two historical periods: 1. an initial era of “extensive growth” (1660–1880), during which rising population coupled with falling per capita energy consumption led to declining living standards; and 2. a subsequent era of “intensive growth” (post-1880). During this second phase, the adoption of Second Industrial Revolution technology allowed Italy to break historical energy barriers, significantly raising per capita productivity and income. This study highlights how the shift from organic to mineral energy sources fundamentally reshaped Italy’s modern economic path.

Date: 2026
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:spr:frochp:978-3-032-26359-9_5

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DOI: 10.1007/978-3-032-26359-9_5

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