Toward Transparency of Synthetic Media: EU Regulatory Perspective and Its Implications

Mateusz Łabuz ()
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Mateusz Łabuz: Institute for Peace Research and Security Policy at the University of Hamburg

Chapter 22 in Handbook of AI-based Media Disruption, 2026, pp 451-470 from Springer

Abstract: Abstract The misuse and abuses of synthetic media are one of the social and political challenges accompanying the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence (AI). They have become the subject of interest of regulators around the world. One of the most important regulatory systems dedicated to AI was created by the European Union. The Artificial Intelligence Act (AI Act), adopted in 2024, refers to synthetic media, qualifying them as limited-risk AI systems and introducing safeguards in the form of transparency obligations. It creates a strong regulatory basis rooted in the axiological foundations of democratic legal systems and refers to the concepts of trustworthiness, transparency, and protection of civil rights and freedoms. This system is supplemented, among others, by obligations imposed on digital platforms in the field of mitigating various risks threatening democratic systems. Although the concept of counteracting the harmful use of synthetic media should be assessed positively, the regulations adopted by the EU are not without shortcomings that may in the future affect their effectiveness and the ability to export certain solutions to other jurisdictions. This requires critical analysis and future amendments that can strengthen a comprehensive ecosystem of trust in technology, as well as already adopted countermeasures against media disruptions.

Keywords: Synthetic media; Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI); European Union; Artificial Intelligence Act (AI Act); Transparency obligations; Regulatory framework (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2026
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DOI: 10.1007/978-3-032-07605-2_22

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