Emerging Trends of Urbanization in India

Lipishree Das () and Nirupama Tete ()
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Lipishree Das: Ravenshaw University
Nirupama Tete: Ravenshaw University

A chapter in Intersecting Paths of Sustainable Development, Urbanization, and Women’s Empowerment, 2024, pp 107-125 from Springer

Abstract: Abstract The urbanization phenomenon in India has surpassed expectations, witnessing a reversal in the declining growth rate of the urban population observed during the 1980s and 1990s. Notably, the absolute increase in urban population now exceeds that of rural areas for the first time since independence. The study identifies and analyses the magnitude, growth, and inter-state variations in urbanization trends over the past four decades, with a focus on 20 major states. Using extensive secondary data primarily sourced from census records, the research spans of the period from 1971 to 2011 and encompasses analysis at both national and state levels. Among the notable findings, certain states, including Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Gujarat, West Bengal, Bihar, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, and Uttarakhand, exhibit a substantial increase in urban population growth rates during 2001–2011 compared to the previous decade. Furthermore, the research investigates factors influencing urbanization by selecting 20 variables based on 2011 data. Through factor analysis, the impact of these variables is assessed, leading to the identification of ten key factors categorized into severe, major, moderate, and minor impact on the urbanization process. The results show that migrants (male), migrants (female), houseless household by urban residences, and GSDP have greatest amount in the first factor (severe impact). Literacy rate and per capita NSDP (in Rs.) have greatest amount in the second factor (major impact). Child sex ratio (0–6) have the greatest amount in the third factor (moderate impact) while IMR ratio has the highest amount in the fourth factor (minor impact). The study not only sheds light on the demographic and economic aspects of urbanization but also addresses the challenges it poses, particularly in terms of urban infrastructure and civic amenities. Furthermore, the research highlights the broader societal implications and additional social activities arising from the accelerated urbanization process.

Keywords: Urbanization; Rural–urban migration; Population; Challenges (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:spr:prbchp:978-981-97-9218-4_6

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DOI: 10.1007/978-981-97-9218-4_6

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